Why are the filters and bag on my extractor filling up with fine dust/plaster dust so quickly?

Make sure the dust bag is sealed properly. The filter in your Festool vacuum won't get clogged quickly if the dust bag is sealed properly to trap all/most dust inside.

Check to see if the filter is worn and
needs replacing then, to clean the filter, turn Auto Clean ON if the machine has this feature or lightly brush the debris from the filter.